Answer
(c)
Work Step by Step
Replacement-level fertility refers to the average number of children a woman must have to replace herself and her partner, considering child mortality and other demographic factors.
In developed nations, this number is typically around $2.1$.
In developing nations, especially those in Phase 3 of the demographic transition (where birth rates begin to decline but are still relatively high), higher infant and child mortality means the replacement level is slightly above $2.1$ — usually around $2.2$.
The answer is (c).
