Answer
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Work Step by Step
The bonding in H₂(g) and HF(g) molecules is covalent. In both cases, the atoms are sharing electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. In H₂(g), two hydrogen atoms share two electrons (one from each atom) to form a single covalent bond.
The bonding in NaF(s) is ionic. In NaF(s), sodium (Na) transfers one electron to fluorine (F), resulting in the formation of Na⁺ and F⁻ ions. The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions holds the crystal lattice structure of NaF together.
In covalent bonding (H₂ and HF), atoms share electrons to achieve a full valence shell, and the bond is typically formed between nonmetals. In ionic bonding (NaF), one atom donates electrons to another atom, leading to the formation of ions, and the bond is typically formed between a metal and a nonmetal.
