Answer
a. True
b. False
c. False
d. True
e. False
Work Step by Step
a. This statement is true. F has a larger first ionization energy than Li.
b. This statement is false. Cations are smaller than their parent atoms. When an atom loses an electron the remaining electrons experience a greater effective nuclear attraction and/or one less electron shell may be present, so the radius decreases.
c. False. Ionization always requires an input of energy (the first ionization energy of Li ≫ 0); it does not give off energy.
d. This statement is true. The \( \mathrm{H}^{+} \) ion is smaller than the He atom.
e. This statement is false. The \( \mathrm{Al} \) atom is larger than the \( \mathrm{Li} \) atom. In general size increases going down a group.
