Answer
e.
Work Step by Step
Option b. is incorrect. Internal fertilization does not necessarily have to take place on land.
Option d. is incorrect. Males such as those in bird species can use their cloacas to transfer sperm to females; they do not need to have penises.
Option e. is correct because both options a. and c. are correct. The evolution of internal fertilization arose because when aquatic organisms evolved into land-dwelling ones, they also needed a means to ensure that their eggs wouldn't dry out and their gametes were able to meet up without the presence of water. Internal fertilization is also the method by which humans reproduce.
