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The major expected side effect of lifelong immunosuppressant therapy in transplant patients is an increased risk of infections. Immunosuppressant drugs work by suppressing the immune system's ability to recognize and attack foreign tissue, such as transplanted organs. While this prevents rejection of the transplanted organ, it also leaves the patient more vulnerable to infections from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
In addition to infections, other potential side effects of immunosuppressant therapy may include:
Increased risk of cancer: Immunosuppressant drugs can also increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as skin cancer and lymphoma, as the immune system plays a role in recognizing and destroying abnormal cells.
Kidney damage: Some immunosuppressant drugs can cause damage to the kidneys over time, which may require further medical intervention.
High blood pressure: Some immunosuppressant drugs may cause or contribute to high blood pressure, which can increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems.
Diabetes: Some immunosuppressant drugs can increase the risk of developing diabetes, which can have serious long-term consequences if not properly managed.
Overall, while immunosuppressant drugs have allowed for successful organ transplantation, the lifelong use of these drugs can come with significant risks and potential side effects that must be carefully monitored and managed.
