Answer
Rough endoplamic reticulum (RER) is in the cell in the form of stacks of flattish sacs or envelopes. These sacs are covered with small spheroid structures called ribosomes which are more plentiful on the outward cytosolic side than on the inner surfaces. RER occurs all over human cells but is more abundant near the cell nucleus and the Golgi apparatus(body). SER is also widely distributed in the cytoplasm ( slightly more abundant near cell membranes), but this kind of ER is in the form of a branching network of tubules with no ribosomes or other excrescences attached.
RER is more abundant in cells that sythesize proten , cells like globlet cells (mucin), pancreatic acinar cells antibody producing cells, SER makes lipids and fats and stores proteins and lipids. Other functions of SER involve detoxicification of harmful waste products of normal metabolism; detoxification of toxins such as pesticides ; rendering harmless excessive amounts of alcohol, barbiturates, and other drugs.. In addition SER stores and release the calcium ions necessary for triggering of muscle contraction.
Work Step by Step
RER synthesizes secretory proteins, membrane proteins, and the proteins of organelles. It is also responsible for the specific folding of protein molecules that allow certain enzymes to attach to certain substrates and catalyze specific reactions.
SER facilitates the decomposition of glycogen to glucose molecules that are then transported to all cells.
