Answer
Each of these functions are made by applying different transformations to the graph $(a)$.
(See the image below.)
Work Step by Step
Each of these functions are made by applying transformation to the $(a)$ graph. (See the image above.)
(b) $y=f(-x)$ is reflection of graph $(a)$ about $y$-axis
(c) $y=-f(-x)$ is reflection of the graph $(a)$ over both $y$-axis and $x$-axis.
(d) $y=f(-2x)$, is first reflected about $y$-axis and then shrunk horizontally by a factor of $2$.
(e) $y=f(-\frac{1}{2}x)$, is first reflected about $y$-axis and then stretched horizontally by a factor of $2$.
