Chapter 5 - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions - 5.3 Exponential Functions - 5.3 Assess Your Understanding - Page 280: 18

a)$\approx21.738$ b)$\approx22.884$ c)$\approx23.119$ d)$\approx23.141$

We calculate them by using a calculator and then round them to the first $3$ decimal digits. a)$2.7^{3.1}\approx21.738$ b)$2.71^{3.14}\approx22.884$ c)$2.718^{3.141}\approx23.119$ d)$e^{\pi}\approx23.141$