Discrete Mathematics with Applications 4th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 0-49539-132-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-49539-132-6

Chapter 4 - Elementary Number Theory and Methods of Proof - Exercise Set 4.6 - Page 206: 33

Answer

\[ \boxed{2,\; 3,\; 5,\; 7,\; 11,\; 13,\; 17,\; 19,\; 23,\; 29,\; 31,\; 37,\; 41,\; 43,\; 47,\; 53,\; 59,\; 61,\; 67,\; 71,\; 73,\; 79,\; 83,\; 89,\; 97.} \]

Work Step by Step

We can use the Sieve of Eratosthenes to identify all primes less than 100 by following these steps: 1. **List the Numbers:** Write down all the integers from 2 to 99: \[ 2,\, 3,\, 4,\, 5,\, 6,\, 7,\, 8,\, 9,\, 10,\, 11,\, 12,\, \dots,\, 99. \] 2. **Start with the First Prime (2):** - Mark 2 as prime. - Eliminate every multiple of 2 (other than 2 itself): \(4,\, 6,\, 8,\, 10,\, 12,\, \dots,\, 98.\) 3. **Next Uncrossed Number (3):** - The next number not eliminated is 3, so mark 3 as prime. - Eliminate every multiple of 3 greater than 3: \(6,\, 9,\, 12,\, 15,\, 18,\, \dots,\, 99.\) (Some numbers like 6 and 12 may already have been removed.) 4. **Continue with the Next Uncrossed Number (5):** - The next unmarked number is 5; mark it as prime. - Eliminate its multiples: \(10,\, 15,\, 20,\, 25,\, 30,\, \dots,\, 95.\) 5. **Next, 7:** - The next unmarked number is 7; mark it as prime. - Eliminate multiples of 7: \(14,\, 21,\, 28,\, 35,\, 42,\, 49,\, 56,\, 63,\, 70,\, 77,\, 84,\, 91,\, 98.\) 6. **Numbers Greater Than 7:** - Continue checking each number. Notice that once you reach numbers greater than \(\sqrt{100} \approx 10\), any composite number less than 100 will have already been marked as a multiple of a smaller prime. - The numbers not eliminated in the list are the prime numbers. 7. **Final List of Primes Less Than 100:** After completing the sieve, the numbers that remain unmarked are: \[ 2,\; 3,\; 5,\; 7,\; 11,\; 13,\; 17,\; 19,\; 23,\; 29,\; 31,\; 37,\; 41,\; 43,\; 47,\; 53,\; 59,\; 61,\; 67,\; 71,\; 73,\; 79,\; 83,\; 89,\; 97. \] --- ### Final Answer The prime numbers less than 100 are: \[ \boxed{2,\; 3,\; 5,\; 7,\; 11,\; 13,\; 17,\; 19,\; 23,\; 29,\; 31,\; 37,\; 41,\; 43,\; 47,\; 53,\; 59,\; 61,\; 67,\; 71,\; 73,\; 79,\; 83,\; 89,\; 97.} \]
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