Answer
a. This statement says that all of the circles are above all of the triangles. This statement is false because circles b and c are in the same line as triangle d.
b. Negation: There is a circle x and a triangle y such that x is not above y. In other words, at least one of the circles is not above at least one of the triangles.
Work Step by Step
Recall the negation of a for all statement:
~(∀x in D, P(x)) $\equiv$ ∃x in D such that ~P(x).
To negate a multiply quantified statement, apply the laws in stages moving left to right along the sentence.
