University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 9 - Section 9.1 - Sequences - Exercises - Page 490: 139

Answer

$ a.\quad$ See image. Steps given below. $ b.\quad$ $N=4$ $N=6$

Work Step by Step

$a_{1}=1$ $a_{2}=1+\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}$ $a_{3}=1+\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{25}$ $a_{4}=1+\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^{2}}+\frac{1}{5^{3}}$ $...$ $a_{n}=\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{n}(\frac{1}{5})^{n-1}$ = sum of the first n terms of a geometric sequence $a_{n}= \displaystyle \frac{1-(\frac{1}{5})^{k}}{1-\frac{1}{5}}=\frac{5(1-5^{-k})}{4}$ $a.\quad $ The steps you take will depend on the CAS you are using, but they follow the same logic. Using the free online CAS at geogebra.org/cas: Cell 1: Enter the function representing the sequence $a(x)=\displaystyle \frac{5(1-5^{-k})}{4}$ From the dropdown menu, select "Table of values". In the dialog box for the table, set the range from 1 to 25, step 1. When we observe the graph, it seems to be increasing towards a certain value $\approx 1.25$, (never above it.) The sequence seems to converge. In the next free cell of the CAS, we find the limit when $ n\rightarrow\infty$ Here, we enter "L=Limit(a, infinity)" (without quotes) The CAS returns the limit to be $\displaystyle \frac{5}{4}=1.25.$ $b.\quad $ For $\epsilon=0.01$ We find the intersection of the graph of a(x) with the horizontal line $y=L-0.01$ Enter: Solve(L-a(x)=0.01) The CAS returns $x=3.$ We take the next integer, $N=4.$ We find the intersection of the graph of a(x) with the horizontal line $y=L-0.0001$ Enter: Solve(L-a(x)=0.0001) The CAS returns $x=5.86....$ We take the next integer, $N=6.$
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