Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 11 - Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions - 11.9 Curvature and Normal Vectors - 11.9 Exercises - Page 853: 54

Answer

$$\kappa \left( x \right) = \cos x$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & f\left( x \right) = \ln \cos x \cr & {\text{Calculate }}f'\left( x \right){\text{ and }}f''\left( x \right) \cr & f'\left( x \right) = \frac{{ - \sin x}}{{\cos x}} = - \tan x \cr & f''\left( x \right) = - {\sec ^2}x \cr & {\text{Use the formula }}\kappa \left( x \right) = \frac{{\left| {f''\left( x \right)} \right|}}{{{{\left( {1 + f'{{\left( x \right)}^2}} \right)}^{3/2}}}} \cr & \kappa \left( x \right) = \frac{{\left| { - {{\sec }^2}x} \right|}}{{{{\left( {1 + {{\left( { - \tan x} \right)}^2}} \right)}^{3/2}}}} \cr & {\text{Simplifying}} \cr & \kappa \left( x \right) = \frac{{{{\sec }^2}x}}{{{{\left( {1 + {{\tan }^2}x} \right)}^{3/2}}}} \cr & \kappa \left( x \right) = \frac{{{{\sec }^2}x}}{{{{\left( {{{\sec }^2}x} \right)}^{3/2}}}} \cr & \kappa \left( x \right) = \frac{1}{{\sec x}} \cr & \kappa \left( x \right) = \cos x \cr} $$
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