Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 8 - Techniques of Integration - 8.2 Trigonometric Integrals - Preliminary Questions - Page 403: 5

Answer

The second integral requires the reduction formula and more work to evaluate.

Work Step by Step

Given $$\int \sin ^{798} x \cos x d x$$ Here, we use simple substitution: $$u= \sin x\ \ \ \ \ \ du=\cos xdx $$ Then \begin{align*} \int \sin ^{798} x \cos x d x&=\int u^{798} d u\\ &= \frac{1}{799}u^{799}+C\\ &= \frac{1}{799}(\sin x)^{799}+C\\ \end{align*} For $$\int \sin ^{4} x \cos ^{4} x d x $$ Use the reduction formula: $$ \int \sin ^{m} x \cos ^{n} x d x=\frac{\sin ^{m+1} x \cos ^{n-1} x}{m+n}+\frac{n-1}{m+n} \int \sin ^{m} x \cos ^{n-2} x d x$$ and $$\int \sin ^{n} x d x=-\frac{\sin ^{n-1} x \cos x}{n}+\frac{n-1}{n} \int \sin ^{n-2} x d x $$ Then \begin{align*} \int \sin ^{4} x \cos ^{4} x d x &= \frac{\sin ^{5} x \cos ^{3} x}{8}+\frac{3}{6} \int \sin ^{4} x \cos ^{2} x d x\\ &=\frac{\sin ^{5} x \cos ^{3} x}{8}+\frac{3}{6}\left(\frac{\sin ^{4 }x \cos x}{6}+\frac{1}{6} \int \sin ^{4} x d x\right) \\ &= \frac{\sin ^{5} x \cos ^{3} x}{8}+\frac{3}{6}\left(\frac{\sin ^{4 }x \cos x}{6}+\frac{1}{6} \left[-\frac{1}{4}\sin ^3\left(x\right)\cos \left(x\right)+\frac{3}{8}\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\sin \left(2x\right)\right)\right]\right) \end{align*}
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