Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 11 - Infinite Series - 11.6 Power Series - Exercises - Page 578: 34

Answer

$$ -5 \leq x\leq-3 $$

Work Step by Step

Given $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{(x+4)^{n}}{(n \ln n)^{2}} $$ Since $a_n = \frac{(x+4)^{n}}{(n \ln n)^{2}} $ and $a_{n+1} = \frac{(x+4)^{n+1}}{((n+1) \ln (n+1))^{2}} $, then \begin{aligned} \rho&=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_{n}}\right|\\ &=\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left|\frac{(x+4)^{n+1}}{((n+1) \ln (n+1))^{2}} \frac{(n \ln n)^{2}}{(x+4)^{n}} \right|\\ &=|(x+4)| \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left(\frac{n}{n+1}\right)^{2} \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\left(\frac{\ln n}{\ln (n+1)}\right)^{2}\\ &= |(x+4)| \left( \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{n}{n+1}\right)^{2}\left( \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{\ln n}{\ln (n+1)}\right)^{2}\\ &= |(x+4)| \left( \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{1/n}{1/(n+1)}\right)^{2}\\ &= |(x+4)| \end{aligned} Then the series converges for $$ |x+4|\lt 1 \ \to -5 \lt x\lt-3 $$ Now, we check the end points. For $x= -5 $ $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{(x+4)^{n}}{(n \ln n)^{2}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^n}{(n \ln n)^{2}} $$ which is an alternating series with $\lim_{n\to \infty} a_n =0 $, which converges. For $x= -3$ $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{(x+4)^{n}}{(n \ln n)^{2}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^n}{(n \ln n)^{2}} $$ which is convergent by the integral test. Hence, the interval of convergence is $$ -5 \leq x\leq-3 $$
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