Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 13 - Parametric And Polar Curves; Conic Sections - 13.6 Directional Derivatives And Gradients - Exercises Set 13.6 - Page 968: 39

Answer

$$\nabla w = \frac{1}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}}\left( {x{\bf{i}} + y{\bf{j}} + z{\bf{k}}} \right)$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & w = \ln \sqrt {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \cr & {\text{write the radical }}\sqrt a {\text{ as }}{a^{1/2}}{\text{ and use the logarithmic properties }} \cr & w = \ln {\left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)^{1/2}} \cr & w = \frac{1}{2}\ln \left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right) \cr & \cr & {\text{calculate the partial derivatives }}{w_x}{\text{,}}\,\,{w_y}{\text{, and }}{w_z} \cr & {w_x} = \frac{\partial }{{\partial x}}\left[ {\frac{1}{2}\ln \left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)} \right] \cr & {\text{treat }}y{\text{ and }}z{\text{ as constants}} \cr & {w_x} = \frac{1}{{2\left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)}}\frac{\partial }{{\partial x}}\left[ {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right] \cr & {w_x} = \frac{1}{{2\left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)}}\left( {2x} \right) \cr & {w_x} = \frac{x}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}} \cr & {\text{Similarly}}{\text{, }}\,\,{w_y} = \frac{y}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}}{\text{ and }}{w_z} = \frac{z}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}} \cr & \cr & {\text{The gradient of the function }}w\left( {x,y,z} \right){\text{ is defined by }}\left( {{\text{see page 963}}} \right) \cr & \nabla w = {z_x}{\bf{i}} + {z_y}{\bf{j}} + {z_z}{\bf{k}} \cr & {\text{substituting the partial derivatives, we obtain}} \cr & \nabla w = \frac{x}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}}{\bf{i}} + \frac{y}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}}{\bf{j}} + \frac{z}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}}{\bf{k}} \cr & {\text{factoring}} \cr & \nabla w = \frac{1}{{{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}}}\left( {x{\bf{i}} + y{\bf{j}} + z{\bf{k}}} \right) \cr} $$
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