Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 12 - Vector-Valued Functions - 12.5 Curvature - Exercises Set 12.5 - Page 881: 65

Answer

\[ -\frac{\sqrt{2} e^{2} t}{\left(1+e^{2} t\right)^{2}}=\tau(t) \]

Work Step by Step

Using the formula \[ \frac{[\overrightarrow{r^{3}}(t) \times \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime}}(t)] \cdot \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime \prime}}(t)}{\|\overrightarrow{r^{\prime}}(t) \times \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime}}(t)\|^{2}}=\tau(t) \] For the curve $e^{t \hat{i}}+e^{-t \hat{i}}+\sqrt{2} t \hat{k}=\vec{r}(t)$ \[ \begin{aligned} \vec{r}(t)=\frac{d \vec{r}(t)}{d t} &=e^{t \hat{t}}+e^{-t} \hat{i}+\sqrt{2} t \hat{k} \\ \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime}}(t) &=\frac{\overrightarrow{d r^{\prime}}(t)}{d t}=e^{t} \hat{i}+e^{-t \hat{i}} \\ \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime \prime}}(t) &=\frac{d \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime}}(t)}{d t}=e^{t \hat{i}}-e^{-t \hat{i}} \end{aligned} \] So \[ \vec{r}(t) \times \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime}}(t)=\| \begin{array}{ccc} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ e^{t} & e^{-t} & \sqrt{2} \\ e^{t} & e^{-t} & 0 \end{array}||=-\sqrt{2} e^{-t} \hat{i}+\sqrt{2} e^{t} \hat{j}+2 \hat{k} \] \[ \|\overrightarrow{r^{\prime}}(t) \times \overrightarrow{r^{\prime \prime}}(t)\|^{2}=2 e^{-2 t}+2 e^{2} t+4=\frac{2}{e^{2 t}}\left(e^{4 l}+1+2 e^{2} t\right)=\frac{2}{e^{2 t}}\left(1+e^{2 t}\right)^{2} \] Using the results: \[ \begin{aligned} \tau(t)=& \frac{\left[-\sqrt{2} e^{-t} \hat{i}+\sqrt{2} e^{t} \hat{j}+2 \hat{k}\right] \cdot\left[e^{t} \hat{i}-e^{-t} \hat{j}\right]}{\frac{2}{e^{2 t} t}\left(e^{2 t}+1\right)^{2}} \\ &=\frac{\sqrt{2}|-1-1| c^{2} t}{2\left(c^{2} t+1\right)^{2}}=-\frac{\sqrt{2} e^{2} t}{\left(e^{2} t+1\right)^{2}} \end{aligned} \] \[ -\frac{\sqrt{2} e^{2} t}{\left(1+e^{2} t\right)^{2}}=\tau(t) \]
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