Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 9 - Systems of Differential Equations - 9.3 General Results for First-Order Linear Differential Systems - Problems - Page 598: 1

Answer

See below

Work Step by Step

Given: $x_1(t)=\begin{bmatrix} \sin 3t\\ \cos 3t \end{bmatrix}$ $x_2(t)=\begin{bmatrix} -\cos 3t\\ \sin 3t \end{bmatrix}$ $A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3\\ -3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ Differentiating the given vector functions with respect to t yields, $x_1'(t)=\begin{bmatrix} 3\cos 3t\\ -3\sin 3t \end{bmatrix}$ $x_2'(t)=\begin{bmatrix} 3\sin 3t\\ 3\cos 3t \end{bmatrix}$ whereas $Ax_1(t)=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3\\ -3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} \sin 3t\\ \cos 3t \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 3\cos 3t\\ -3\sin 3t \end{bmatrix}=x_1'(t)$ $Ax_2(t)=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3\\ -3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} -\cos 3t\\ \sin 3t \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 3\sin 3t\\ 3\cos 3t \end{bmatrix}=x_2'(t)$ Hence, $x_1'(t)=Ax_1\\ x_2'(t)=Ax_2$ so that $x_1$ and $x_2$ are indeed solutions to the given vector differential equation. Furthermore, the Wronskian of these solutions is $W_{[x_1,x_2]}(t)=\begin{vmatrix} \sin 3t & -\cos 3t\\ \cos 3t & \sin 3t \end{vmatrix}=\sin^2 3t+\cos^2 3t$ Since the Wronskian is never zero, it follows that $\{x_1, x_2\}$ is linearly independent on any interval and so is a fundamental set of solutions for the given vector differential equation. Therefore, the general solution to the system is $x(t)=c_1\begin{bmatrix} \sin 3t \\ \cos 3t \end{bmatrix}+c_2\begin{vmatrix} -\cos 3t\\ \sin 3t \end{vmatrix}$
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