Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 7 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - 7.7 Chapter Review - Additional Problems - Page 489: 1

Answer

See below

Work Step by Step

1. Find eigenvalues: (A-$\lambda$I)$\vec{V}$=$\vec{0}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3-\lambda & 0\\ 16 & 1-\lambda \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} v_1\\ v_2 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3-\lambda & 0\\ 16 & 1-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=0$ $(3- \lambda)(1-\lambda)-16=0$ $\lambda_1=3, \lambda_2=-1$ 2. Find eigenvectors: For $\lambda=3$ let $B=A-\lambda_1I$ $B=\begin{bmatrix} 3-\lambda & 0\\ 16 & 1-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 16 & -2\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} v_1\\ v_2 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix} \\$ Let $r$ be a free variable. $\vec{V}=r(1,4) \\ E_1=\{(1,4)\} \\ \rightarrow dim(E_2)=1$ The eigenvectors span $\{1,4)\}$ in $R$ For $\lambda=-1$ let $B=A-\lambda_1I$ $B=\begin{bmatrix} 3-\lambda & 0\\ 16 & 1-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 0 \\ 16 & 0 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} v_1\\ v_2 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix} \\$ Let $s$ be a free variable. $\vec{V}=s(0,1) \\ E_1=\{(0,1)\} \\ \rightarrow dim(E_2)=1$ The eigenvectors span $\{0,1)\}$ in $R$ Hence, $S=\frac{1}{\sqrt 13}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 4 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \\ \rightarrow S^{-1}AS=D=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0\\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix} $
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