Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, Seventh Edition

Published by McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN 10: 0073383090
ISBN 13: 978-0-07338-309-5

Chapter 1 - Section 1.4 - Predicates and Quantifiers - Exercises - Page 54: 25

Answer

a) $\neg (\exists x A(x))$ b) $\neg \forall x A(x)$ c)$\forall x(B(x)\rightarrow A(x))$ d) $\exists x(A(x) \land B(x))$ e) $\forall x(A(x) \land B(x))$ f)$(\neg \forall x B(x))\lor (\exists x \neg A(x))$

Work Step by Step

a) Let the domain be all people in the world and A(x) means "x is perfect". " No one" means that there does not exist a person ( for which the statement holds) $$\neg (\exists x A(x))$$ b) Let the domain be all the people in the world and A(x) means " x is perfect". "Not everyone" means not all people, thus $$\neg \forall x A(x)$$ c) Let the domain be all people in the world, A(x) means "x is perfect" and B(x) means "x is your friend". "All" means everybody and thus If x is your friend, then x has to be perfect. $$\forall x(B(x)\rightarrow A(x))$$ d)Let the domain be all people in the world, A(x) means "x is perfect" and B(x) means "x is your friend". "At least one" means that there exists a person $\exists x$ . This person x also has to be your friend and has to be perfect. $$\exists x(A(x) \land B(x))$$ e)Let the domain be all the people in the world, A(x) means " x is perfect" and B(x) means " x is your friend". "Everyone" means $\forall$x. These people x have to be your friend and have to be perfect. $$\forall x(A(x) \land B(x))$$ f) Let the domain be all people in the world, A(x) means "x is perfect" and B(x) means " x is your friend". "Not everyone" means not for every person $\neg \exists x$. "Someone" means that there exists a person $\exists x$. $$(\neg \forall x B(x))\lor (\exists x \neg A(x))$$
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