Chapter 11 - Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys - Questions and Problems - Page 463: 11.12

1. Titanium Alloys Distinctive features: relatively low density, high melting temperatures, and high strengths are possible. Limitation: because of chemical reactivity with other materials at elevated temperatures, these alloys are expensive to refine. Applications: aircraft structures, space vehicles, and in chemical and petroleum industries. 2. Refractory Metals Distinctive features: extremely high melting temperatures; large elastic moduli, hardnesses, and strengths. Limitation: some experience rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures. Applications: extrusion dies, structural parts in space vehicles, incandescent light filaments, x-ray tubes, and welding electrodes. 3. Superalloys Distinctive features: able to withstand high temperatures and oxidizing atmospheres for long time periods. Applications: aircraft turbines, nuclear reactors, and petrochemical equipment. 4. Noble Metals Distinctive features: highly resistant to oxidation, especially at elevated temperatures; soft and ductile. Limitation: expensive. Applications: jewelry, dental restoration materials, coins, catalysts, and thermocouples.

1. Titanium Alloys Distinctive features: relatively low density, high melting temperatures, and high strengths are possible. Limitation: because of chemical reactivity with other materials at elevated temperatures, these alloys are expensive to refine. Applications: aircraft structures, space vehicles, and in chemical and petroleum industries. 2. Refractory Metals Distinctive features: extremely high melting temperatures; large elastic moduli, hardnesses, and strengths. Limitation: some experience rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures. Applications: extrusion dies, structural parts in space vehicles, incandescent light filaments, x-ray tubes, and welding electrodes. 3. Superalloys Distinctive features: able to withstand high temperatures and oxidizing atmospheres for long time periods. Applications: aircraft turbines, nuclear reactors, and petrochemical equipment. 4. Noble Metals Distinctive features: highly resistant to oxidation, especially at elevated temperatures; soft and ductile. Limitation: expensive. Applications: jewelry, dental restoration materials, coins, catalysts, and thermocouples.