Answer
See the explanation
Work Step by Step
a. Knowledge-based: The program uses stored linguistic rules, vocabularies, and possibly machine learning models to decide how to translate each word or phrase.
It requires knowledge of grammar, context, and meaning — not just automatic reaction or direct feedback.
b. Reflex: The thermostat turning on the furnace when the temperature drops below the set threshold is a reflex action. It responds automatically to a specific stimulus (temperature change) according to its programmed instructions, without any conscious decision-making.
c. Goal-based: The pilot landing a plane safely on a runway involves complex decision-making, evaluation of various factors such as weather conditions, runway length, aircraft performance, and navigation. The pilot sets a goal of landing the plane safely and utilizes skills, knowledge, and experience to achieve that goal, making conscious decisions throughout the process.
