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Texture mapping and bump mapping are both techniques used in computer graphics to enhance the visual appearance of surfaces, but they operate differently. Texture mapping involves applying a 2D image, known as a texture, onto a 3D surface to create the illusion of detail and complexity. This method is effective for adding intricate patterns, colors, and surface details to objects in a scene.
On the other hand, bump mapping simulates the appearance of surface bumps and irregularities without actually altering the geometry of the object. It achieves this effect by perturbing the surface normals of the object based on a texture map, creating the illusion of depth and surface variations when light interacts with the object. While texture mapping primarily deals with adding visual detail, bump mapping focuses on creating the illusion of surface relief and texture without significantly increasing the geometric complexity of the object.
