1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? René Descartes Plato Gottfried Leibniz David Hume 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Christian Wolff Aristotle David Hume Thomas Aquinas 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? “This table is heavy.” ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “Not all books are the same size.” “2+2=4” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? analytic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? God a circle gravitation infinity 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. By the common agreement of mathematicians. From the pure intuitions of time and space. Through observation and induction. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? inclination or instinct anything that isn’t human organic matter like plants or trees the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. Because our senses are frequently in error. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Community Inherence Quantity Causality 10 What is a judgment of experience? A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. A judgment based on memory. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Modal Affirmative Causal Negative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Intuition Reason Imagination Understanding 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Understanding Intuition Imagination Reason 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Intuition Imagination Understanding Reason 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because the world is a confusing place. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By proving that God exists. By positing moral obligations. By proving that nothing can be truly known. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is both infinite and finite. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Liberty God Causality Infinity 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. The use of rigorous logic. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. There is no difference. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Take a political stand against authority. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work.