The plastic force of memory
The 'plastic force of memory' symbolizes compensation for historical flaws. According to the author, the initial historical studies were flawed because most of the information was not based on facts. Consequently, Nietzsche is reshaping and incorporating the past and future facts to heal historical wounds that have painted historical studies negatively.
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War signifies the nationalization of historical studies. Therefore, according to the author, the history detailing the Franco-Prussian war is flawed because authors nationalized their findings instead of giving the full details on what transpired.
History
History is a symbol of academic art based on facts. Consequently, history is a powerful thing that gives human beings confidence and a sense of direction. As long as historical narratives are true, a human being can understand the past and formulate new and tangible strategies to face the future confidently.
The motif of human life
According to the author, human life is hyper-complex, and one occurrence can have a thousand narratives. Yet, ironically, a predominant narrative carries the day because it is the one that is documented in academics. Therefore, the factual findings of the initial happening do not determine the academic content because dominance wins.
The parable of the madman
The parable of the madman is emblematically used to connote the limitation of culture. According to Nietzschean, history should not be based on cultural beliefs but on valid data. The author urges readers to rise above cultural beliefs and carry out experimental studies to uncover the truth. Therefore, the author intends to transcend the restraint of culture and encourage critical thinking.
