- ^ Manning 1997, p. ix.
- ^ a b c d Saar 1994, pp. 819–20.
- ^ a b Manning 1997, p. 227.
- ^ Manning 1997, p. xlv.
- ^ Grabo 1991, p. 159.
- ^ Carew-Miller 1993, p. 242–3.
- ^ Philbrick 1991, pp. 414–32.
- ^ Manning 1997, p. 232.
- ^ James is often referred to by scholars as 'Farmer James', on account of his occupation; scholars that do so include: Larkin, Carew-Miller and Manning.
- ^ Beranger 1977, pp. 73, 85.
- ^ Manning 1997, p. xvi.
- ^ Ben-Zvi 2007, p. 74.
- ^ Beranger 1977, p. 82.
- ^ a b Grabo 1991, p. 167.
- ^ Grabo 1991, pp. 167–8, 172.
- ^ Manning 1997, p. xvii.
- ^ Winston 1985, p. 249.
- ^ a b Holbo 1997, p. 59.
- ^ Larkin 2006, p. 2.
- ^ Carlson 2003, Note 4.
- ^ a b Holbo 1997, p. 20.
- ^ Saar 1987, p. 192.
- ^ Robinson 1981, p. 552.
- ^ Holbo 1997, p. 58.
- ^ a b Machor 1982, p. 73.
- ^ "Environmental Determinism". Lapham's Quarterly. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
- ^ Woodlief, Ann M. "Negotiating Nature/Wilderness: Crèvecoeur and American Identity in Letters From an American Farmer". Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
- ^ Alexander, David E.; Rhodes Whitmore Fairbridge (1999). Encyclopedia Of Environmental Science. Springer. p. 196. ISBN 0-412-74050-8. Environmental determinism is the doctrine that human growth, development and activities are controlled by the physical environment (Lethwaite, 1966).
- ^ Carew-Miller 1997, p. 242.
- ^ Saar 1994, p. 820.
- ^ a b Manning 1997, p. xxxviii.
- ^ Manning 1997, p. xxxiii.
- ^ Carlson 2003, p. 257
- ^ Saar 1994, p. 820–50.
- ^ Manning 1997, p. viii.
- ^ Carew-Miller 1993, p. 242.
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