- Ishmael son of Nethaniah, the murderer of Gedaliah, Nebuchadnezzar II's provincial governor
- Ishmael (Book of Mormon), a figure in the Book of Mormon
- Ishmael ben Elisha, more commonly "Rabbi Ishmael", 2nd-century rabbi
- Ishmael ben Jose, 3rd-century rabbi, the son of Jose ben Halafta
- Saint Isfael, a 6th-century Breton prince and Welsh saint also known as Ismael and Ishmael
- Ishmael Beah (born 1980), Sierra Leonean author and former child soldier
- Ishmael Hyman (born 1995), American football player
- Ismail Kadare (born 1936), Albanian novelist and poet
- Ishmael Kipkurui (born 2005), Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner
- Ishmael Noko, General Secretary of the Lutheran World Federation since 1995
- Ishmael Reed (born 1938), American poet, essayist and novelist
- Nola Ishmael (born 1943), Barbadian nurse
- Prophet Ishmael, Zimbabwean religious leader
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