University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321973615
ISBN 13: 978-0-32197-361-0

Chapter 20 - The Second Law of Thermodynamics - Problems - Exercises - Page 678: 20.34

Answer

$ \Delta S = -4.8 \times 10^{-3} J/K$

Work Step by Step

The heat that enters the body is 80% from the total metabolism rate. Which is $Q_H = 0.8 \times 80 J = 64J$ at $T_H = 37^oC = 310K$ The heat that leaves the body on the cooler side is $Q_C = -64 J $ at $T_L = 30^oC = 303K$ Now plug in the entropy equation $ \Delta S = \frac{Q_H}{T_H} + \frac{Q_C}{T_C}$ $ \Delta S = \frac{64J}{310K} + \frac{-64J}{303K}$ $ \Delta S = 0.20645 J/K - 0.21122 J/K$ $ \Delta S = -0.0048 J/K = -4.8 \times 10^{-3} J/K$ The negative sign indicates that the entropy of the body decreases. It does not violate second law of thermodynamics since the person is not an isolated system.
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