Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 31 - Fundamentals of Circuits - Exercises and Problems - Page 919: 75

Answer

$0.49\;\rm mm$ $\rm \approx \;2\;m$

Work Step by Step

First, we need to find this wire's resistance when it dissipates 7.5 W when connected to a 1.5-V battery. $$P=\dfrac{V^2}{R}$$ and since the wire is connected to the battery, it must have the same voltage. Hence, $$R=\dfrac{V_B^2}{P}\tag 1$$ We also know that $R$ is given by $$R=\dfrac{\rho L}{A}$$ where $A=\pi r^2=\pi (D/2)^2$ where $D$ is the diameter. $$R =\dfrac{4\rho_{\rm Al}L}{\pi D^2}\tag 2$$ Now we have 2 unknowns ($D$ and $L$) and one equation. We know that the mass density is given by $$(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}=\dfrac{m}{V}$$ Hence, $$V=\dfrac{m}{(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}}$$ where $V=\pi (D/2)^2L$; $$\pi D^2 L=\dfrac{4m}{(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}}\tag 3$$ Solving (2) for $L$ and plug it into (3), $$\pi D^2 \dfrac{\pi D^2 R}{4\rho_{\rm Al}}=\dfrac{4m}{(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}} $$ Hence, $$ D^4 =\dfrac{16m\rho_{\rm Al}}{\pi ^2 R(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}} $$ Plug $R$ from (1), $$ D =\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{16m\rho_{\rm Al}P}{\pi ^2 V_B^2(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}} }$$ Plug the known; $$ D =\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{16(1\times 10^{-3})(2.8\times 10^{-8})(7.5)}{\pi ^2 (1.5)^2 (2700)} }$$ $$D=\color{red}{\bf 0.487}\;\rm mm$$ Solving (2) for $D^2$ and plug it into (3), $$\pi L\dfrac{4\rho_{\rm Al}L}{\pi R}=\dfrac{4m}{(\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}} $$ $$ L^2 =\dfrac{4m R}{ 4\rho_{\rm Al} (\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}} $$ Plug $R$ from (1), $$ L =\sqrt{\dfrac{4m V_B^2}{ 4\rho_{\rm Al} (\rho_{\rm Al})_{\rm mass}P} }$$ Plug the known; $$ L =\sqrt{\dfrac{4(1\times 10^{-3})(1.5)^2}{ 4(2.8\times 10^{-8})(2700)(7.5)} }$$ $$L=\color{red}{\bf 1.99}\;\rm m$$
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