Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 30 - Current and Resistance - Exercises and Problems - Page 888: 41

Answer

a) $75.4\;\rm nA$ b) $133\;\rm s$

Work Step by Step

$$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ We know that the current is given by the amount of charge moving at a definite interval of time, $$I=\dfrac{Q}{t}\tag 1$$ We know that the film rolls at a speed of 90 rpm (revolution per minute), so its linear speed is $$v=\omega r$$ Plug the known, but we need to convert all the units to SI system units. $$v=\rm\left(\dfrac{90\; rev}{60\;s}\right) \left(\dfrac{2\pi\; rad}{1\;rev}\right) \left(1\;cm\right)=\bf 0.09425\;\rm m/s\tag 2$$ Recalling that $v=x/t$, so $$x=vt$$ We are told that the plastic piece has a uniform surface charge density, so $$\eta=\dfrac{Q}{A}$$ Hence, $$Q=A\eta $$ where $A=0.04 x$ where $x$ is the distance moved by the film that unwraps it by the same distance, and 0.04 m is the width of the film. Hence, $$Q=0.04 x\eta \tag 3$$ Plug into (1), $$I=\dfrac{0.04 x\eta}{t} $$ where $x/t=v$, so $$I= 0.04 v\eta $$ Plug the known; $$I= (0.04\;\rm m) \left(\dfrac{0.09425\;\rm m}{1\;\rm s}\right)\left(\dfrac{|-2|\times 10^{-9}\;\rm C}{1\;\rm cm^2}\right)\left(\dfrac{100\;\rm cm}{1\;\rm m}\right)^2 $$ $$I=\color{red}{\bf 75.4}\;\rm nA$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ Solving (1) for $t$ to find how long it takes the roller to accumulate a charge of -10 $\mu$C. $$t=\dfrac{Q_1}{I}$$ Plug the known; $$t=\dfrac{|-10\times 10^{-6}|}{(75.4\times 10^{-9})}$$ $$t=\color{red}{\bf 133}\;\rm s$$
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