Chapter P, Prerequisites - Section P.3 - Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation - P.3 Exercises - Page 23: 7

a. $\frac{1}{2}$ b. $\frac{1}{8}$ c. $2$ d. $8$

a. $2^{-1} = \frac{1}{2^{1}} = \frac{1}{2}$ b. $2^{-3} = \frac{1}{2^{3}} = \frac{1}{2\times2\times2} = \frac{1}{8}$ c. $(\frac{1}{2})^{-1} = \frac{1}{(\frac{1}{2})^{1}} =\frac{2}{1} = 2$ d. $\frac{1}{2^{-3}} = \frac{2^{3}}{1} = 2\times2\times2 = 8$