techniques the writer used to make us interested

London makes frequent use of several kinds of figurative language. Consider the novel's first sentence "Dark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway." The personofication here is strong linging reader with the natural elements.

There was a hint in it of laughter, but of a laughter more terrible than any sadness—a laughter that was mirthless as the smile of the Sphinx, a laughter cold as the frost and partaking of the grimness of infallibility.

Such figurative language links the reader with the pimal and rough landscape,