At the end of Chapter 11, how different are the newly arrived soldiers compared to the nurses, doctors and orderlies from before?

Are you sure you mean chapter 11? At the end of chapter 11, in the early autumn, German troops return in the form of a battery of artillery, with each cannon pulled by a team of six horses. The German troops worry Emilie and her grandfather, but they allow the Germans to spend the night in the farm fields. The next morning, the commander of the artillery battery announces he will be taking Joey and Topthorn to help pull the guns. Emilie and her grandfather have no choice. Emilie tells the Germans they had better take care of her horses.