Answer
d.
Work Step by Step
Option a. is incorrect. Commensalism is a relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor does it benefit from the relationship.
Option b. is incorrect. Competition occurs when species try to obtain a limiting resource and may fight one another to gain that resource.
Option c. is incorrect. Parasitism is a relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is harmed during the interaction.
Option d. is correct. When a devastating change occurs in an area, succession occurs in that area where organisms successively colonize that area over time.
