Chapter 2 - Section 2.4 - Assess Your Understanding - Applying the Concepts - Page 118: 17b

See the picture.

Now, the vertical axis starts at 10%. The height of the first bar (1980): $15$% $- 10$% $= 5$% The height of the first bar (2010): $37$% $- 10$% $=27$% $\frac{The~height~of~the~second~bar}{The~height~of~the~first~bar}=\frac{27}{5}=5.4$