Answer
b. Haptens
Work Step by Step
Haptens binds to a macromolecule which then causes the body to recognize the complex as foreign and thus stimulates an immune response.
Epitopes are certain regions of an antigen that stimulate an immune responses.
Interleukins are chemical messengers that allow lymphocytes and APCs to talk to each other.
Pyrogens are fever-producing agents.
Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) are proteins that are located on a cell surface and allows a cell to bind with other cells or with the extracellular matrix.
