How does Atticus, Judge Taylor, Mr. Gilmer, Heck Tate, Bob Ewell, Mayella Ewell, and Tom Robinson represent the tensions in the “moral universe” of the American South in the 1930s?
They all conflict over the status quo of racism that in ingrained into many of the town's white people. There are issues of human rights, compassion, hate, and identity that are all tested in various directions with these people. I can't go into detail about every character you mention but you can look them up on the character page at the link below.
http://www.gradesaver.com/to-kill-a-mockingbird/study-guide/character-list
