Exeter Book

The Ruin

. The wall is being used as both a metaphor and a description of a reality. Explain.

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The narrator of the poem begins by describing a damaged stone wall "wrecked by fate". The old houses around it are falling apart, their roofs are caving in, their towers are crumbling, their gates are broken, and frost clings to the mortar. These structures convey the message that, "everything man-made will perish, and that there is no withstanding the passing years."