The Hunchback of Notre Dame Victor Hugo

To date, all of the film and TV adaptations have strayed somewhat from the original plot, some going as far as to give it a happy ending, including in the classic 1939 film and the 1996 Disney animated film. The 1956 French film is one of the few versions to end almost exactly like the novel, although it changes other sections of the story. The 1996 Disney version has an ending that is inspired by an opera created by Hugo himself.

Films

• Esmeralda, a 1905 French short silent film
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film
• The Darling of Paris, a 1917 silent film
• Esmeralda, a 1922 British silent film
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1923 silent film starring Lon Chaney as Quasimodo, directed by Wallace Worsley, and produced by Carl Laemmle and Irving Thalberg
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1939 sound film starring Charles Laughton as Quasimodo and Maureen O'Hara as Esmeralda, directed by William Dieterle, and produced by Pandro S. Berman
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1956 French film starring Anthony Quinn as Quasimodo and Gina Lollobrigida as Esmeralda, directed by Jean Delannoy, and produced by Raymond Hakim and Robert Hakim
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1986 Australian-American fantasy animated film
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1996 animated film by Walt Disney Feature Animation starring Tom Hulce as the voice of Quasimodo and Demi Moore as the voice of Esmeralda, directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale and produced by Don Hahn
  • The Hunchback of Notre Dame II, a 2002 direct-to-video animated film and sequel of the 1996 film by Walt Disney Feature Animation starring Tom Hulce as the voice of Quasimodo and Demi Moore as the voice of Esmeralda, directed by Bradley Raymond
• The Secret of the Hunchback, a 1996 Direct-to-video animated film by UAV Entertainment
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1996 Golden Films animated film
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1996 Jetlag Productions animated film
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1996 Dingo Pictures animated film
• Quasimodo d'El Paris, a 1999 parody film
• Quasi, a 2023 satirical comedy film

Disney has announced that a live-action version of their 1996 animated film is in development.[11]

Television

• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1976 television film starring Warren Clarke as Quasimodo, Michelle Newell as Esmeralda and Kenneth Haigh as Frollo, directed by Alan Cooke
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1977 miniseries
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1982 British-American television film starring Anthony Hopkins as Quasimodo, Lesley-Anne Down as Esmeralda, and Derek Jacobi as Frollo, directed by Michael Tuchner and Alan Hume and produced by Norman Rosemont and Malcolm J. Christopher
• The Magical Adventures of Quasimodo, a 1996 animated series
• The Hunchback, a 1997 television film starring Mandy Patinkin as Quasimodo, Salma Hayek as Esmeralda and Richard Harris as Frollo

Idris Elba is slated to not only play the title character but also to direct and produce music for a modern retelling to be broadcast on Netflix.[12]

Music

• A 1977 lush orchestral disco 28 minute epic re-telling the tale of Quasimodo and Esmeralda, by Alec R. Costandinos and the Syncophonic Orchestra
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame Dennis DeYoung album, a 1996 recording of music written by Styx singer Dennis DeYoung for his musical adaptation of the novel
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame soundtrack for the 1996 Disney film
• A 2016 soundtrack to the musical adaptation, based on the novel and songs from the Disney film version

Ballet

• La Esmeralda (1844) – choreography by Jules Perrot, music by Cesare Pugni. First performed at Her Majesty's Theatre in London. The ballet has a long performance history in Russia via the revivals of the choreographer Marius Petipa in St. Petersburg throughout the late 19th century.
• Gudule's Daughter, or Esmiralda (1902) – choreography by Alexander Alexeyevich Gorsky, music by Antoine Simon
• In 1965, a choreography by Roland Petit, first performed by the Paris Opera Ballet.
• In 1998, a choreography and direction by Michael Pink and original music score by Philip Feeney; currently in the repertoire of Milwaukee Ballet, Boston Ballet, Royal New Zealand Ballet, Atlanta Ballet and Colorado Ballet.
• Ringaren i Notre Dame (The Bellringer of Notre Dame; 2009) – choreography by Pär Isberg and original music score by Stefan Nilsson, first performed on Friday, April 3, by the Royal Swedish Ballet.

Musical theatre

• La Esmeralda, opera by Louise Bertin (1836), libretto by Victor Hugo.
• Esmeralda, opera by Alexander Dargomyzhsky (1847) based on the Victor Hugo novel.
• Esmeralda (1856), opera in English with a score by Vincenzo Battista.
• In 1864, an opera by William Henry Fry with libretto by his brother Joseph Reese Fry based on the Victor Hugo novel. First performance: Academy of Music, Philadelphia, 4 May 1864, conducted by Theodore Thomas.
• Esmeralda, opera by Arthur Goring Thomas (1883), also based on the same Victor Hugo novel.
• Notre Dame, romantic Opera in two acts by Franz Schmidt, text after Victor Hugo by Schmidt and Leopold Wilk; composed: 1902–4, 1st perf.: Vienna 1914.
• In 1993, an Off Broadway musical with music by Byron Janis, lyrics by Hal Hackady and book by Anthony Scully.[13]
• In 1993, a dramatic sung-through musical with book and lyrics by Gary Sullivan and music by John Trent Wallace.[14] After a production at the Mermaid Theatre in London it was published by Samuel French Ltd in 1997 and has received several UK productions as well as productions in New Zealand and Australia. In 2010 it was re-written as a conventional musical, with the new title Notre Dame.[15]
• El Jorobado de París (1993), an Argentinian sung-through musical with book and lyrics by Pepe Cibrián Campoy and music by Ángel Mahler. Revised versions opened in 1995, 2006 and 2013.
• An operatic melodrama by Zigmars Liepiņš based on the novel.
• In 1998, Notre-Dame de Paris with music by Riccardo Cocciante and lyrics by Luc Plamondon premiered in Paris and became an instant success.
• From 1999 to 2002, the Disney film was adapted into a darker, more Gothic musical production called Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (translated in English as The Bellringer of Notre Dame) in Berlin. A cast recording was also recorded in German.[16] The musical premiered in the United States in 2014.
• A rock musical version was released in Seattle, Washington in 1998 titled "Hunchback" with music and script by C. Rainey Lewis.[17]
• A musical version, scored by Dennis DeYoung, opened in Chicago at the Bailiwick Repertory in the summer of 2008.[18]
• A re-adaptation of the piece entitled Our Lady of Paris, with music and lyrics by David Levinson and book by Stacey Weingarten, was produced in a reading format in Manhattan. It re-sets the action to 1954 at the beginning of the French Algerian conflict. After the first reading, the piece underwent revisions; a second reading was produced in January 2011 under the musical's new title, Les Enfants de Paris.
• Catalyst Theatre's musical adaptation entitled Hunchback was commissioned by The Citadel Theatre and premiered in 2011 in Edmonton and had a subsequent run at the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre in Vancouver in 2012. Book, music and lyrics by Jonathan Christenson from the original novel.

Radio

A 1934 36-part serial adaptation created by George Edwards was broadcast on Australian radio.[19]

John Carradine starred in an hour-long adaptation broadcast on a 1946 episode of Your Playhouse of Favorites.[20]

The book was twice adapted and broadcast on BBC Radio 4's Classic Serial:

• in 5 parts from 6 January to 3 February 1989, with Jack Klaff as Quasimodo
• in 2 parts on 30 November and 7 December 2008, with deaf actor David Bower playing Quasimodo.

Theatre

• In 1861, a "Grand Burlesque Extravaganza" by Henry J. Byron, Esmeralda or, The Sensation Goat, presented at the Royal Strand Theatre in London on 28 September 1861.[21] The piece was revived in 1871 at the same venue,[22] with Harry Paulton as Quasimodo and Rose Cullen as Esmeralda. The programme warned that the burlesque was "founded on, but not to be confounded with, the romance, the opera and the ballet".
• In 1977, an adaptation by Ken Hill was commissioned and staged by the National Theatre in London.
• In 1978, an adaptation by Robert Hossein opened in Paris.
• In 1997, an adaptation for the stage by Nicholas DeBaubien opened in Paris.[23]
• In 2010, an adaptation by Pip Utton was staged at The Pleasance as part of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.
• In 2010, an original adaptation by Myriad Theatre & Film was staged in London and then toured South England.
• In 2012, an adaptation by Belt Up Theatre was staged in Selby Abbey.
• In 2013, an adaptation by James Villafuerte was staged in Tanghalang Pasigueño Villa Teatro.
• In 2016, a modern adaptation by Harold Hodge, Jr called The Boy in the Church premiered in New York City. This adaptation was set in Alabama during the Great Depression.
• In 2019, an adaptation by Benjamin Polya was staged by Iris Theatre Company at St Paul's Church, Covent Garden, London.

Comics

Artists like Noel Gloesner,[24] Andrew Dickson,[25] Robin Recht,[26] Tim Conrad,[27] Gilbert Bloch,[28] George Evans[29] Dick Briefer[30] have all created comic strip and book adaptations of The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Paulo Borges,[31] Gustavo Machado[32] and Dan Spiegle[33] have drawn comic strip versions based on the 1996 Disney movie adaptation.

Video games

• Hunchback, a 1983 arcade video game developed by Century Electronics, starring Quasimodo and Esmeralda.
• Timesplitters 2, a 2002 first-person-shooter developed by Free Radical Design, containing a level based on the Notre Dame Cathedral in which the Hunchback is portrayed to be beheading undead zombies using a shotgun.[34]