Answer
Cognition is the acquisition and use of knowledge. it comprises the activities of judgment, memory, intuition, imagination,sensory perception, reasoning, and thinking, . These processes are not confined to a few areas of the cerebrum, but are widely distributed over the association areas.
The research on the distribution of cognitive functions over cortical areas has been aided by studying patients with brain lesions due to stroke, cancer, and physical trauma. Important information about these processes have also been gleaned by use of PET and MRI technology.
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Some interesting findings of these types of studies are the following:
People with temporal lobe lesions develop/show agnosia. This pathology, agnosia , is the inability to identify or to name erstwhile familiar objects. A special case of agnosia is prosopagnosia. In this condition a patient is not able to recognize familiar faces or even his/her own reflection.
The frontal association area (prefrontal cortex) is related to the quality of personality. It receives sensory and motor input from sensory and motor regions of the cortex. It integrates all these inputs to gives us a sense of our relationship to the rest of our environment. This facilitates making plans and executing those plans with appropriate behaviors. The frontal association cortex also aids in the expression of our emotions.
some consequences of lesions in the frontal lobe are personality disorders and inappropriate social behavior..
People with parietal lobe lesions develop contralateral neglect syndrome. In this condition the patient becomes unaware of objects, even limbs on one side of his/her body. Men with this syndrome shave only one side of their faces; women put makeup on one side; some people say they have just one arm or one leg ; others become unable to find their way around in well-known surroundings.,
In summary, parietal association areas are responsible for receiving and attending to stimuli; temporal association areas are concerned with identifying stimuli ; the role of frontal association areas is the planning of responses to stimuli .
