Answer
The cerebellum and the basal nuclei have important roles in muscle control.. Specifically the basal nuclei determine the beginning and cessation of intentional movements: for example movements of hips and shoulders during walking. They also have an important role in coordinating learned behaviors like driving, typing, writing and swimming.
Work Step by Step
Injury to the basal nuclei result in movement disordescalled dyskinesias. The signs of dyskinesia are difficulty in beginning movements such as rising from a sitting position ; by hesitation in beginning to walk ,and by a slow shuffling gait. All of these signs are seen in patients afflicted with Parkinson,s disease. In Parkinson's, damage to the substantia nigra is an important factor in the etiology of the disease. This injury results in a deficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA . The consequence is that during muscular movements antagonists are not inhibited, and so they fight against the agonists charged with effecting movements . The result is that a Parkinson's patient struggles to perform the muscular motions he/she desires.
