Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 7 - Integration Techniques - 7.8 Improper Integrals - 7.8 Exercises - Page 578: 12

Answer

\[ = \,1\]

Work Step by Step

\[\begin{gathered} \int_{\frac{4}{\pi }}^\infty {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}}{{\sec }^2}\,\left( {\frac{1}{x}} \right)} dx \hfill \\ \hfill \\ set\,\,,\,\,\,u = \frac{1}{x}\,\,\,then\,\,\,du = - \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}dx\, \hfill \\ and\,\, - du = \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}dx \hfill \\ \hfill \\ therefore \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \int_{\frac{4}{\pi }}^\infty {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}}{{\sec }^2}\,\left( {\frac{1}{x}} \right)} dx = \int_{\frac{\pi }{4}}^0 {{{\sec }^2}\,\left( u \right)\,\,\,\,\left( { - du} \right)} \hfill \\ \hfill \\ = \int_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}} {{{\sec }^2}\,\left( u \right)du} \hfill \\ \hfill \\ If\,\,f\,\left( x \right)\,\,is\,\,continuous\,\,on\,\,\left( { - a,b} \right]\,\,then \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \int_b^b {f\,\left( x \right)} \,dx = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{c \to a} \int_c^b {f\,\left( x \right)dx} \hfill \\ \hfill \\ Definition\,\,of\,\,improper\,\,integral\,\,shows\,\,that. \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \int_{\frac{4}{\pi }}^\infty {\frac{1}{{{x^2}}}{{\sec }^2}\,\left( {\frac{1}{x}} \right)} dx\,\, = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{c \to {0^ + }} \int_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}} {{{\sec }^2}\,\left( u \right)du} \hfill \\ \hfill \\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{c \to {0^ + }} \,\,\left[ {\tan u} \right]_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}} \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \,\,use\,\,the\,\,fct \hfill \\ \hfill \\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{c \to {0^ + }} \,\,\left[ {\tan \frac{\pi }{4} - \tan 0} \right] \hfill \\ \hfill \\ evaluate\,\,\,the\,\,\lim its \hfill \\ \hfill \\ = 1 - \tan 0 \hfill \\ \hfill \\ = \,1 \hfill \\ \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \]
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