Calculus 8th Edition

Published by Cengage
ISBN 10: 1285740629
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-062-1

Chapter 7 - Techniques of Integration - 7.2 Trigonometric Integrals - 7.2 Exercises - Page 525: 32

Answer

\[\frac{\sec x\;\tan x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec x+\tan x|+C\]

Work Step by Step

Let $\;\;$ $I=\int\tan^2 x\:\sec x\,dx$ ____(1) $I=\int\tan x\:(\sec x\:\tan x)dx$ [$\sec^2 x-\tan^2 x=1$] $I=\int\sqrt{\sec^2 x-1}\:(\sec x\:\tan x)dx$ Substitute $t=\sec x$ ___(2) $\Rightarrow dt=\sec x\:\tan xdx$ $I=\int\sqrt{t^2-1} \;dt$ $\left[\int\sqrt{x^2-a^2}dx=\frac{x}{2}\sqrt{x^2-a^2}-\frac{a^2}{2}\ln|x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}|\right]$ $I=\frac{t}{2}\sqrt{t^2-1}-\frac{1}{2}\ln|t+\sqrt{t^2-1}|+C$ From (2) $I=\frac{\sec x}{2}\sqrt{\sec^2 x-1}-\frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec x+\sqrt{\sec^2 x-1}|+C$ $I=\frac{\sec x\:\tan x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec x+\tan x|+C$ Hence $I=\frac{\sec x\:\tan x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec x+\tan x|+C$.
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