- In 1969, the story was adapted as a play by Steven Berkoff, who also played The Officer.[16]
- In 1970, Chilean filmmaker Raúl Ruiz made a film called The Penal Colony, based on the story.
- In 1999, Charlie Deaux wrote and directed the short avant-garde film "Zoetrope",[17] which is loosely based upon the story. The score of the film was written and performed by Lustmord.
- In 2000, composer Philip Glass wrote a chamber opera, In the Penal Colony, based on the story.[18]
- A 24-minute film adaptation by Turkish-born Canadian filmmaker Sibel Guvenc was released in 2006.
- In 2009, a young Iranian filmmaker, Narges Kalhor, showed her short film adaptation at the Nuremberg Film Festival.
- In July 2011, the ShiberHur Theatre Company of Palestine presented a new version of In the Penal Colony, adapted by Amir Nizar Zuabi, at London's Young Vic.
- In 2012, Egyptian independent theatrical group Warsha performed an Arabic language adaption in Cairo directed by Hassan El Geretly.
- A 40-minute film adaptation created by filmmakers in Las Vegas, Nevada, was completed in 2013 and released on Vimeo in 2014.
- In 2018, a new theatrical adaptation, Franz Kafka – Apparatus, written and directed by Welsh playwright Ross Dinwiddy, premiered at The Rialto Theatre Brighton as part of the Brighton Fringe.[19] In a departure from the source text, Dinwiddy explores the sexual attraction that develops between The Soldier and The Condemned Man and changes the gender of The Officer from male to female.[20]
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