- Cargill, Oscar (1961). The Novels of Henry James. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-842540-5.
- Jeffers, Thomas L. (2005). Apprenticeships: The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana. New York: Palgrave. pp. 89–118. ISBN 1-4039-6607-9.
- Wagenknecht, Edward (1983). The Novels of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8044-2959-6.
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