- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African – Written By Himself at project Gutenberg.
- ^ a b Collins, Janelle (2006). "Passage to Slavery, Passage to Freedom: Olaudah Equiano and the Sea". Midwest Quarterly. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ Gates 1989, p. 154.
- ^ a b c d e f Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (2012). The Classic Slave Narratives. New American Library. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-451-53213-8.
- ^ Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (1978). "Preface to Blackness: Text and Pretext". Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction.
- ^ Carey, Brycchan. "Olaudah Equiano: An Illustrated Biography". Brycchan Carey homepage. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ Public Broadcasting Service. "Africans in America: Part 1 – Olaudah Equiano". www.pbs.org. Resource Bank: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ The Equiano Project (2007). "Olaudah Equiano: 1745–1797". www.equiano.org. Worcestershire Records Office. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ "Equiano in Africa". IMDb. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ Layson, Hanna; Tikoff, Valentina (22 October 2012). "Olaudah Equiano and the Eighteenth-Century Debate over Africa and the Slave Trade". Digital Collections for the Classroom. Newberry Library. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
- ^ Blackburn, Robin (21 November 2005). "The True Story of Equiano". The Nation. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
- ^ Dabydeen, David (3 December 2005). "Poetic licence | Equiano the African: Biography of a Self-made Man by Vincent Carretta". The Guardian.
- ^ Chambers, Douglas (November 2007). "Almost and Englishmen: Vincent Carretta". H-Net. H-Atlantic. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
- ^ ""Almost an Englishman": Carretta's Equiano" (PDF).
- ^ a b c Carretta, Vincent (2007). "Response to Paul Lovejoy's 'Autobiography and Memory: Gustavus Vassa, alias Olaudah Equiano, the African'". Slavery & Abolition. 28 (1): 116. doi:10.1080/01440390701269848. S2CID 143580773.
- ^ Carretta, Vincent (2005). Equiano, the African: Biography of a self-made man. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2571-2.
- ^ Lovejoy, Paul E. (2006). "Autobiography and Memory: Gustavus Vassa, alias Olaudah Equiano, the African". Slavery and Abolition. 27 (3): 318. doi:10.1080/01440390601014302. S2CID 146143041.
- ^ a b Lovejoy, Paul E. (2006). "Construction of Identity: Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa?". Historically Speaking. 7 (3): 9. doi:10.1353/hsp.2006.0092. S2CID 162275157.
- ^ Lovejoy, Paul E. (2006). "Autobiography and Memory: Gustavus Vassa, alias Olaudah Equiano, the African". Slavery and Abolition. 27 (3): 337. doi:10.1080/01440390601014302. S2CID 146143041.
- ^ Carretta, Vincent (2007). "Response to Paul Lovejoy's 'Autobiography and Memory: Gustavus Vassa, alias Olaudah Equiano, the African'". Slavery & Abolition. 28 (1): 118. doi:10.1080/01440390701269848. S2CID 143580773.
- ^ a b Gates 1989, p. 153.
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