Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 37 - The Foundations of Modern Physics - Exercises and Problems - Page 1123: 34

Answer

${\bf 1.40\times 10^{-10}}\;\rm m$, ${\bf 1.344\times10^6}\;\rm m/s$

Work Step by Step

As an abstract, we have an electron $(-e)$ that rotates around a point that has a net charge of $(+e)$. Thus, the electron energy in this case is given by $$E_e=\frac{1}{2}m v^2+\dfrac{k(+e)(-e)}{r}$$ $$E_e=\frac{1}{2}m v^2-\dfrac{ke^2}{r} $$ To ionize this atom, we need to add an amount of energy to this electron of $\rm 5.14 eV= 5.14\times 1.6\times 10^{-19}=8.224\times10^{-19}\;\rm J$ And since we need to remove the electron from the atom to infinity, then the energy of the electron is then $$-8 .224\times10^{-19} =\frac{1}{2}m v^2-\dfrac{ke^2}{r} \tag 1$$ We know that the force exerted on the electron that makes it rotate around the atom is given by $$F_e=ma_r=\dfrac{mv^2}{r}$$ Hence, $$\dfrac{ke^2}{r^2}=\dfrac{mv^2}{r}$$ Hence, $$mv^2=\dfrac{ke^2}{r}\tag 2$$ Plug into (1); $$-8 .224\times10^{-19} =\dfrac{ke^2}{2r} -\dfrac{ke^2}{r} =\dfrac{ke^2-2ke^2}{2r}$$ $$-8 .224\times10^{-19} =\dfrac{-ke^2}{2r}$$ Solving for $r$; $$r =\dfrac{ ke^2}{2( 8 .224\times10^{-19} )}$$ Plug the known; $$r =\dfrac{ (9.0\times 10^9)(1.6\times 10^{-19})^2}{2( 8 .224\times10^{-19} )}$$ $$r=\color{red}{\bf 1.40\times 10^{-10}}\;\rm m$$ Solving (2) for $v$; $$v =\sqrt{\dfrac{ke^2}{mr}}$$ Plug the known; $$v =\sqrt{\dfrac{(9.0\times 10^9)(1.6\times 10^{-19})^2}{(9.11\times 10^{-31})(1.40×10^{-10})}}$$ $$r=\color{red}{\bf 1.344\times10^6}\;\rm m/s$$
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