Discrete Mathematics with Applications 4th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 0-49539-132-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-49539-132-6

Chapter 3 - The Logic of Quantified Statements - Exercise Set 3.2 - Page 117: 44

Answer

There exists a person who is happy and does not have a large income.

Work Step by Step

Recall the definition of necessary: "$\forall x$, r(x) is a necessary condition for s(x)" means "$\forall x$, if ~r(x) then ~s(x)" or equivalently "$\forall x$, if s(x) then r(x)." In this case r(x) is: person has a large income. s(x) is: person is happy. The necessary statement stated in if-then form is: for all people, a person is happy, if that person has a large income. Recall the form of the negation of a universal conditional statement: $~(\forall x, P(x) \rightarrow Q(x)) \equiv \exists x$ such that $(P(x) \land $ ~$Q(x))$ In this case the negation is $\exists$ a person such that s(x) and ~r(x) which is, "there exists a person who is happy and does not have a large income."
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