Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 7 - Integration Techniques - 7.4 Trigonometric Substitutions - 7.4 Exercises - Page 538: 64

Answer

$$\frac{1}{3}\left[ {{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{5}{3}} \right) - {{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)} \right]$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_1^4 {\frac{{dt}}{{{t^2} - 2t + 10}}} \cr & {\text{Completing the square}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{dt}}{{{t^2} - 2t + 1 + 9}}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{dt}}{{{{\left( {t + 1} \right)}^2} + {3^2}}}} \cr & {\text{The integrand contains the form }}{u^2} + {a^2} \cr & {\text{Use the change of variable }}t + 1 = 3\tan \theta \cr & t + 1 = 3\tan \theta ,\,\,\,dt = 3{\sec ^2}\theta d\theta \cr & {\text{Use the change of variable}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{3{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{{{\left( {3\tan \theta } \right)}^2} + {3^2}}}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{3{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{9{{\tan }^2}\theta + 9}}} \cr & = \frac{3}{9}\int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{{{\tan }^2}\theta + 1}}} \cr & = \frac{1}{3}\int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{{{\sec }^2}\theta }}} \cr & = \frac{1}{3}\int {d\theta } \cr & {\text{Integrating}} \cr & = \frac{1}{3}\theta + C \cr & {\text{Write in terms of }}t \cr & = \frac{1}{3}{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{t + 1}}{3}} \right) + C \cr & \cr & ,{\text{then}} \cr & \int_1^4 {\frac{{dt}}{{{t^2} - 2t + 10}}} = \left[ {\frac{1}{3}{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{t + 1}}{3}} \right)} \right]_1^4 \cr & = \left[ {\frac{1}{3}{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{4 + 1}}{3}} \right)} \right] - \left[ {\frac{1}{3}{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{1 + 1}}{3}} \right)} \right] \cr & = \frac{1}{3}{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{5}{3}} \right) - \frac{1}{3}{\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right) \cr & = \frac{1}{3}\left[ {{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{5}{3}} \right) - {{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)} \right] \cr} $$
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