Rain W. Somerset Maugham

Notes

1. ^ a b According to the biographers Ted Morgan (1980) and Jeffrey Meyers (2004), Maugham died on 15 December;[2] Selina Hastings (2010) writes that he died in the early hours of 16 December.[3] The official registration gave the date as 16 December.[4]
2. ^ Maugham usually published his works under the name of W. Somerset Maugham,[1] but in many biographies and studies of him, including those by Selina Hastings, Jeffrey Meyers and Frederic Raphael, he is referred to in the title as Somerset Maugham tout court.
3. ^ Of their seven children, three died in infancy.[7]
4. ^ Hastings comments that for the young Maugham the hardest thing to accept in abandoning religious faith was "the knowledge that with no expectation of an afterlife he would never see his mother again".[17] Maugham wrote in 1894, "I do not believe in God. I see no need of such an idea. It is incredible to me that there should be an after-life. I find the notion of future punishment outrageous and of future reward extravagant. I am convinced that when I die, I shall cease entirely to live; I shall return to the earth I came from".[18]
5. ^ Crowley's Vanity Fair review is reprinted in Anthony Curtis and John Whitehead, eds., W. Somerset Maugham The Critical Heritage (Routledge Kegan & Paul, 1987), pp. 44–56.
6. ^ The decree nisi was granted on the grounds of adultery on 14 February 1916,[59] and the divorce was finalised by the decree absolute issued on 30 August 1916, after which Maugham and Syrie were free to marry.[60]
7. ^ A colleague in Lausanne had been imprisoned for two years for breaking Swiss law.[63]
8. ^ Maugham gave his ex-wife a house in the King's Road, fully furnished, a Rolls-Royce and £2,400 pounds a year for her (equivalent to £155,225 in 2021) and £600 for Liza (equivalent to £38,806 in 2021).[86]
9. ^ This was Maugham's longest-running original play, but a dramatisation of his short story Rain made by John Colton and Clemence Randolph in 1921 ran on Broadway for 648 performances.[89]
10. ^ Maugham said, "Sometimes it fills me with uneasiness that no less than thirteen persons should spend their lives administering to the comfort of one old party".[100] Robin Maugham records that as late as the 1960s Maugham employed six indoor servants and four gardeners.[101]
11. ^ The judges for the inaugural award were V. S. Pritchett, C. V. Wedgwood and Cecil Day-Lewis. Among winners during Maugham's lifetime were Doris Lessing (1954), Kingsley Amis (1955), Ted Hughes (1960), V. S. Naipaul (1961) and John le Carré (1964).[115]
12. ^ Maugham considered himself a better writer than Thomas Hardy or John Galsworthy, who were among the few earlier novelists to receive the OM.[119]
13. ^ Sources differ (see footnote 1) on whether Maugham died on 15 or 16 December, but it is generally agreed that to circumvent a law requiring autopsies in cases of death in hospital, he was taken by ambulance, shortly before or shortly after his death, to La Mauresque and it was announced that he had died there on 16 December.[2]
14. ^ The adaptation was by John Colton and Clemence Randolph.[89]
15. ^ The play was first presented in New York in 1917, running for 112 performances.[137]
16. ^ Frederic Raphael in his biography of Maugham, comments that although Maugham has sometimes been accused of anti-Semitism, it is not in evidence in this story, which treats the Jewish characters with a sympathy "which is not to be found in more 'important' writers of the period".[165] Morgan and others nevertheless record slighting remarks, as well as complimentary ones, Maugham made elsewhere about Jews.[166]
17. ^ The other three were E. M. Forster, John Masefield and G. M. Trevelyan.[185]
18. ^ Wilson later admitted that he had not read Of Human Bondage, Cakes and Ale or The Razor's Edge.[197]
19. ^ In his 1980 biography of Maugham, Ted Morgan mistakenly states that in The Summing Up Maugham wrote, "I know just where I stand – in the very first row of the second-raters".[197] As the later researchers Daniel Blackburn and Alexander Arsov have pointed out, this phrase does not appear in Maugham's book and there is no known evidence that he ever used it anywhere.[200] Nonetheless the phrase has been wrongly attributed to Maugham in press articles, biographies and dictionaries of quotations.[201]

References

1. ^ Meyers, p. 9
2. ^ a b Morgan, p. 617; and Meyers, p. 338
3. ^ Hastings, p. 547
4. ^ Morgan, p. 617
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Connon, Bryan "Maugham, (William) Somerset" Archived 28 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. Retrieved 25 July 2022 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
6. ^ Hastings, p. 5
7. ^ Rogal, p. 157
8. ^ a b "Lord Maugham", The Times, 24 March 1958, p. 14
9. ^ Hastings, p. 7
10. ^ Hastings, p. 8
11. ^ Maugham (1975), p. 118
12. ^ Meyers, p. 9; Maugham (1975), p. 15; Coward, pp. 227–228; Mander and Mitchenson, p. 204; and Lyttelton and Hart-Davis (1978), p. 195
13. ^ Meyers, pp. 11–12
14. ^ Meyers, p. 12
15. ^ Meyers, p. 3
16. ^ Hastings, pp. 15 and 28
17. ^ Hastings, p. 28
18. ^ Maugham (1984), p. 26
19. ^ Morgan, pp. 17 and 24
20. ^ a b Hastings, p. 497
21. ^ Morgan, p. 24
22. ^ a b Morgan, p. 26
23. ^ Hastings, p. 25
24. ^ Hastings, p. 35
25. ^ a b Morgan, p. 27
26. ^ a b Maugham (1938), p. 61
27. ^ Hastings, p. 36
28. ^ Maugham (1951), p. 8
29. ^ "Some New Novels", The Evening Standard, 18 September 1897, p. 2
30. ^ "Liza of Lambeth", The Westminster Gazette, 27 September 1897, p. 2
31. ^ "Recent Novels", The Times, 28 December 1897, p. 11
32. ^ "Liza of Lambeth", St James's Gazette, 6 October 1897, p. 2
33. ^ Maugham (1954), p. 8
34. ^ a b Raphael, p. 14
35. ^ Maugham (1939), p. 99
36. ^ Hastings, p. 61
37. ^ Morgan, p. 68
38. ^ "Lady Frederick", The Era, 2 November 1907, p. 19
39. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 6
40. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 5 and 53
41. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 53
42. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 56
43. ^ Maugham (1938), p. 33
44. ^ a b Morgan, p. 669
45. ^ Morgan, p. 120
46. ^ Morgan, pp. 36–37
47. ^ Maugham (1975), p. 240
48. ^ Meyers, p. 77
49. ^ Morgan, pp. 178–179
50. ^ Hastings, p. 166
51. ^ Morgan, p. 192
52. ^ a b Sutherland, John. "Of Human Bondage" Archived 26 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English, Oxford University Press, 2005. Retrieved 17 August 2022 (subscription required)
53. ^ Raphael, p. 25
54. ^ Meyers, pp. 60 and 111
55. ^ Morgan, p. 188
56. ^ a b Morgan, p. 197
57. ^ Morgan, pp. 197–198.
58. ^ Morgan, pp. 198–199
59. ^ "Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division", The Times, 15 February 1916, p. 4
60. ^ Hastings, p. 195
61. ^ Fowler, p. 114; and Meyers, pp. 113–115
62. ^ a b Meyers, pp. 113–115
63. ^ Meyers, p. 114
64. ^ "London Theatres", The Stage, 10 February 1916, p. 22
65. ^ a b Meyers, p. 117
66. ^ Morgan, p. 207; and Meyers, p. 117
67. ^ Maugham (1938), p. 29
68. ^ Maugham (1938), p. 200
69. ^ Morgan, pp. 221–222
70. ^ Fowler, pp. 112–115
71. ^ Morgan, p. 231
72. ^ "Home and Beauty", The Times, 1 September 1919, p. 8
73. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Raphael, Frederic. "Maugham, William Somerset" Archived 28 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 1981. Retrieved 28 July 2022 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
74. ^ "With Silent Friends", The Tatler, 4 June 1919, p. 268
75. ^ "Mr Maugham's new novel", Westminster Gazette, 3 May 1919, p. 9
76. ^ "Somerset Maugham's Great Allegory", Philadelphia Evening Public Ledger, 9 August 1919, p. 6
77. ^ Hastings, p. 181
78. ^ Hastings, pp. 236–237
79. ^ Hastings, p. 241
80. ^ Morgan, p. 249
81. ^ Hastings, pp. 253 and 257–259
82. ^ Quoted in Hastings, p. 258
83. ^ Hastings, p. 285
84. ^ Hastings, p. 282
85. ^ Hastings, pp. 315 and 317
86. ^ Morgan, p. 308
87. ^ Morgan, p. 670
88. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 144
89. ^ a b c Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 143 and 252
90. ^ a b Hastings, p. 350
91. ^ Maugham (1950), pp. ix–x
92. ^ Coward, p. 227
93. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 251–252
94. ^ Coward, p. 226; and Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 245–246
95. ^ Maugham (1952), p. xvii
96. ^ Raphael, p. 64
97. ^ Raphael, p. 67
98. ^ Quoted in Raphael, p. 68
99. ^ Zaleski, p. 219
100. ^ Morgan, p. 307
101. ^ Maugham (1975), p. 243
102. ^ Raphael, pp. 72–73
103. ^ Raphael, p. 73
104. ^ Morgan, p. 469
105. ^ Morgan, p. 113
106. ^ Morgan, p. 475
107. ^ Morgan, p. 476
108. ^ Morgan, pp. 478 and 483
109. ^ Maugham (1975), p. 58
110. ^ Hastings, p. 344
111. ^ Morgan, pp. 313–314
112. ^ Hastings, pp. 539 and 543
113. ^ Meyers, p. 276
114. ^ Hastings, p. 495
115. ^ Hastings, p. 496
116. ^ Sutherland, John. "Maugham, W. Somerset" Archived 13 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English, Oxford University Press, 2005. Retrieved 13 August 2022 (subscription required)
117. ^ Jonas, p. 20
118. ^ Hastings, p. 501
119. ^ a b c d Hastings, p. 503
120. ^ a b "Mr Somerset Maugham's Library for School", The Times, 30 March 1961, p. 6
121. ^ Hastings, p. 507
122. ^ Raphael, p. 119
123. ^ Morgan, p. 420
124. ^ Morgan, pp. 607–608
125. ^ Morgan, p. 619
126. ^ Morgan, pp. 669–671
127. ^ Morgan, p. 555
128. ^ Morgan, p. 86
129. ^ a b Funsten, p. 1899
130. ^ Knowles, pp. 515 and 719–721
131. ^ Curtis and Whitehead, p. 424
132. ^ Lyttelton and Hart-Davis (1984), pp. 6 and 97–98
133. ^ Morgan, pp. 343–343
134. ^ Maugham (1931), p. 255
135. ^ Curtis and Whitehead, p. 442
136. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 191, 205 and 210
137. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 143
138. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 27, 59, 143 and 295
139. ^ a b c Mander and Mitchenson, p. 1
140. ^ Crawford Fred D. "Bernard Shaw's Theory of Literary Art", The Journal of General Education, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Spring 1982), pp. 21 and 23 (subscription required) Archived 15 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine; and Mander and Mitchenson, p. 15
141. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 15; and Richards, pp. 25 and 68
142. ^ Sternlicht, p. 72; Innes p. 254; Rogal, p. 247 and Curtis, p. 398
143. ^ Innes, p. 254
144. ^ Gates, Anita. " In Fine Society, Infidelity and Its Consequences" Archived 15 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 19 June 2011, Section CT, p. 10
145. ^ Mander and Mitchenson, p. 2
146. ^ "W. Somerset Maugham" Archived 15 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved 15 August 2022
147. ^ "Somerset Maugham" Archived 29 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, National Theatre archive. Retrieved 29 July 2022
148. ^ "The Old Vic", The Times, 13 April 1993, p. 31; Nightingale, Benedict. "BN's best London shows", The Times, 2 December 2000, p. 53; and Johns, Ian. "Oh what a frivolous look at war", The Times, 31 October 2002, p. 23
149. ^ "W. Somerset Maugham" Archived 17 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Reference; "Maugham, W. Somerset" Archived 17 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Oxford Companion to English Literature; and Sutherland, John. "Maugham, W. Somerset" Archived 13 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English. Oxford University Press, 2005 and 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2022 (subscription required)
150. ^ Morgan, pp. 55 and 57
151. ^ Morgan, p. 53
152. ^ Meyers, pp. 164–165
153. ^ Ross, pp. 117–118
154. ^ Meyers, p. 199
155. ^ Maugham (1950), pp. xi–xii
156. ^ Morgan, p. 239
157. ^ Sutherland, John. "Razor's Edge, The" Archived 17 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English, Oxford University Press, 2005. Retrieved 17 August 2022 (subscription required)
158. ^ a b c Curtis and Whitehead, p. 434
159. ^ a b McCrum, Robert. "The 100 best novels: No 44 – Of Human Bondage by W Somerset Maugham (1915)" Archived 11 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 21 July 2014
160. ^ Morgan, pp. 669–670
161. ^ Morgan, p. 252
162. ^ Meyers, p. 252
163. ^ Meyers, p. 366
164. ^ Meyers, p. 289
165. ^ Raphael, p. 60
166. ^ Morgan, p. 140
167. ^ Meyers, p. 208
168. ^ Morgan, p. 438
169. ^ Hastings, p. 228
170. ^ Hastings, p. 226
171. ^ Hastings, p. 345
172. ^ a b Morgan, p. 354
173. ^ Curtis and Whitehead, p. 342
174. ^ Quoted in Curtis and Whitehead, p. 448
175. ^ Calder, p. 262
176. ^ Calder, p. 263
177. ^ Calder, pp. 263–264
178. ^ a b Calder, p. 264
179. ^ Calder, pp. 264–265
180. ^ Calder, p. 266
181. ^ Calder, pp. 271–272
182. ^ "W. Somerset Maugham" Archived 16 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, BBC Genome. Retrieved 16 August 2022
183. ^ Calder, p. 272
184. ^ a b "Somerset Maugham" Archived 28 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, BBC Genome. Retrieved 16 August 2022
185. ^ "Companions of Literature", The Sphere, 27 May 1961, p. 329
186. ^ "Maugham, (William) Somerset", Who's Who & Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2022 (subscription required) Archived 13 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine
187. ^ a b Holden, Philip. "Maugham, W. Somerset" Archived 17 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature, Oxford University Press, 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2022 (subscription required)
188. ^ a b Morgan, p. 388
189. ^ Maugham (1938), p. 147
190. ^ a b c d Curtis and Whitehead, p. 1
191. ^ Quoted in Curtis and Whitehead, p. 14
192. ^ Morgan, p. 111
193. ^ Morgan, p. 280
194. ^ Curtis and Whitehead, p. 194
195. ^ Adams, p. 45
196. ^ Morgan, p. 500
197. ^ a b Morgan, p. 501
198. ^ Quoted in Curtis and Whitehead, p. 188
199. ^ Blackburn and Arsov, p. 142
200. ^ Blackburn and Arsov, pp. 140 and 149
201. ^ Blackburn and Arsov, p. 149
202. ^ Maugham (1984), p. 142

Sources

Books

• Coward, Noël (2007). Barry Day (ed.). The Letters of Noël Coward. London: Methuen. ISBN 978-1-4081-0675-4.
• Curtis, Anthony; John Whitehead (1987). W. Somerset Maugham: The Critical Heritage. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-415-15925-8.
• Fowler, Wilton B. (1969). British-American Relations, 1917–1918; The Role of Sir William Wiseman. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-7650-1.
• Funsten, Kenneth (1981). "W. Somerset Maugham". In Frank N. Magill (ed.). Critical Survey of Short Fiction. Vol. 5. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press. OCLC 559531006.
• Hastings, Selina (2010) [2009]. The Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham: A Biography. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-60371-9.
• Innes, Christopher (2002). Modern British Drama: The Twentieth Century. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-01675-9.
• Knowles, Elizabeth, ed. (2014). The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966870-0.
• Lyttelton, George; Rupert Hart-Davis (1978). Lyttelton–Hart-Davis Letters. Vol. 1. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-3478-2.
• Lyttelton, George; Rupert Hart-Davis (1984). Lyttelton–Hart-Davis Letters. Vol. 6. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-4108-7.
• Mander, Raymond; Joe Mitchenson (1955). Theatrical Companion to Maugham. London: Rockliffe. OCLC 1336174067.
• Maugham, Robin (1975) [1966]. Somerset and All the Maughams. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-003906-1.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1931). First Person Singular. London: Heinemann. OCLC 702711668.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1938). The Summing Up. London: Heinemann. OCLC 270829625.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1950) [1930]. Cakes and Ale. New York: Random House. OCLC 228969568.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1951) [1897]. Liza of Lambeth. London: Heinemann. OCLC 903861310.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1952). Collected Plays. Vol. 3. London: Heinemann. OCLC 851722749.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1954). The Partial View. London: Heinemann. OCLC 1239777338.
• Maugham, W. Somerset (1984) [1915]. A Writer's Notebook. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-002644-3.
• Meyers, Jeffrey (2004). Somerset Maugham: A Life. New York: Knopf. ISBN 9780375414756. OCLC 754042769.
• Morgan, Ted (1980). Maugham. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-67-150581-3. OCLC 1036531202.
• Raphael, Frederic (1989). Somerset Maugham. London: Thames and Hudson. OCLC 658161005.
• Richards, Dick (1970). The Wit of Noël Coward. London: Sphere Books. ISBN 978-0-7221-3676-8.
• Rogal, Samuel J. (1997). A William Somerset Maugham Encyclopedia. Westport and London: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29916-2.
• Sternlicht, Sanford (2004). A Reader's Guide to Modern British Drama. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3076-0.
• Zaleski, Philip; Carol Zaleski (2006). Prayer: A History. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-77360-2.

Journals

• Adams, Don (March 2016). "Somerset Maugham's Ethically Earnest Fiction". The Cambridge Quarterly. 45 (1): 42–67. doi:10.1093/camqtly/bfv039. JSTOR 4407495. (subscription required)
• Blackburn, Daniel; Alexander Arsov (January 2016). "W. Somerset Maugham's apocryphal second-rate status: setting the record straight". English Literature in Transition 1880–1920. 59 (2): 139–152. (subscription required)
• Calder, Robert L. (Summer 1978). "Somerset Maugham and the Cinema". Literature/Film Quarterly. 6 (3): 262–273. JSTOR 43796106. (subscription required)
• Jonas, Klaus W. (Winter 1959). "W. Somerset Maugham: An Appreciation". Books Abroad. 33 (1): 20–24. doi:10.2307/40097653. JSTOR 40097653. (subscription required)
• Ross, Woodburn (December 1946). "W. Somerset Maugham: Theme and Variations". College English. 8 (3): 113–122. doi:10.2307/371434. JSTOR 371434. (subscription required)