1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? René Descartes Plato Gottfried Leibniz David Hume 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? David Hume Aristotle Christian Wolff Thomas Aquinas 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? “This table is heavy.” “2+2=4” ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “Not all books are the same size.” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? synthetic a posteriori knowledge analytic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? a circle God infinity gravitation 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? By the common agreement of mathematicians. From the pure intuitions of time and space. Through observation and induction. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? inclination or instinct the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law anything that isn’t human organic matter like plants or trees 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. Because our senses are frequently in error. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Quantity Inherence Causality Community 10 What is a judgment of experience? Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A judgment based on memory. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Modal Affirmative Negative Causal 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Reason Understanding Intuition Imagination 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Reason Intuition Imagination Understanding 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Intuition Understanding Reason Imagination 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because the world is a confusing place. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that nothing can be truly known. By proving that God exists. By positing moral obligations. By proving that the universe is infinite. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is both infinite and finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? God Liberty Infinity Causality 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. Because God exceeds the human intellect. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? The use of rigorous logic. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. There is no difference. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work. Take a political stand against authority.